THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF APHORISMS AND MEANS OF THEIR EXPRESSION
IN THE RUSSIAN AND FRENCH DISCOURSE
Flera Ya.Khabibullina1*, Iraida G. Ivanova2, Galina A.Trapeznikova3
1*Ph.D. (Pedagogy), Asst. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, khflora@yandex.ru
2 Iraida G. Ivanova As. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, iraida44@yandex.ru
3 Ph.D. (Pedagogy), Asst. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, galinatra@gmail.com
* Corresponding author
Abstract.
The comparative-typological study of various structural languages is of great interest in the conditions of the increasing intensity of the international political contacts in the globalized world and the necessity of the identifying and accounting for similarities and differences of the language phenomenon for the most successful and effective interaction and mutual understanding. The relevance of this work is in the comparative study of functioning of the individually authored aphoristic units in the Russian and French political discourse of 20-21 centuries. The purpose of the article is to investigate the basic characteristics of aphorisms and means of their expression in the political discourse of various structural languages. The article is devoted to the study of speech (individual) aphorisms in the Russian and French discourse. In the article the aphorism is treated as a small text form, the basic characteristics of which are: authorship, brevity, completeness, generalization, expressiveness. The means of aphoristic expression were considered on the phonetic, morphological, vocabulary, stylistic-syntactic and structural-semantic levels. The leading means of aphorism expressiveness on the phonetic level are phonetic epiphora, rhythmic, punning rhyme as a word game; on the morphological level - conversion, affixation, parasynthetic method of word formation; on the vocabulary level – synonyms, antonyms, vernacular expressions, trails (metaphor, personification, epithet), phraseological units, kinds of comic; on the stylistic-syntactic – comparison, repetition, ellipse, parcellation, rhetorical question, gradation; on the structural-semantic paraphrase, allusion. The punning game of words, logical shifts, the destruction of words links and associations are widely used in aphorisms. Generalization and timelessness of the aphoristic utterance in comparison with concrete one brings it closer to the category of universal utterances (statements).The aphorisms of Russian and French statesmen and popular party representatives’ speeches: V. Putin, B. Yeltsin, M. Gorbachev, V. Zhirinovsky, G. Zyuganov, D. Medvedev, Ch. de Gaulle, G. Shirak, N. Sarkozy, Ph. Hollande, Ph. Beiru, G. - L. Melanchone and others were analyzed.
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