ATTRIBUTE EXPRESSED BY PARTICIPLES IN THE LANGUAGES OF DIFFERENT SYSTEM (MARI, GERMAN AND FRENCH)

Anna. L. Kolyago¹*, Galina L. Sokolova²;, Irina V. Trubyanova³;, Alla A. Fokina⁴ &
Natalia V. Bogdanova^5
1 Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, kolyago@yandex.ru
²; Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, askgalinasokol@mail.ru
³; Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, opleva@mail.ru
⁴Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, allafokina70@mail.ru
⁵Senior Lecturer, Mari State University, Russia, natali100879@mail.ru
*Corresponding author

Abstract

The article deals with the attribute expressed by participles in the Mari, German, and French languages. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the comparative-typological analysis of the attribute expressed by the participles in the languages of different language families (Mari, German, and French) hasn’t been done in linguistics yet. The aim of the research is to present the qualitative characteristics of attribute, to analyze ways of expressing the attribute by the different types of participles in the Mari, German, and French languages, and identify similarities and differences in the languages belonging to different language families. The method of simultaneous descriptions of the collected material is used in the research, the comparative method allows to establish similarities and differences in the analyzed languages. The analysis of theoretical and factual material allows concluding that the participle, in spite of the fact that the languages have different systems, is a common way of expressing the attribute in Mari, German, and French. In the Mari language the attribute can be expressed by four types of participles: active, passive, negative and participle of the future tense. In German, the participle has the same qualitative characteristics as in the Mari language: it has two forms - present participle Partizip I and past participle Partizip II. A special kind of the attribute is an expanded participle attribute and Partizip I of transitive verbs with the particle "zu". In French the participle has the same qualitative characteristics as in the Mari language: it has three forms - participe présent, participe passé, participe passé composé. The first two forms are simple and can be used both independently and in the role of the attribute to the noun. The last construction is complex and has usually the role of adverbial circumstantial modifier in the sentence.

Keywords: languages of different system; Mari language; German language; French language; participle, attribute