NOMINATIVE SENTENCES IN LANGUAGES WITH DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (MARI AND GERMAN)

Natalia V. Bogdanova, Anna. L. Kolyago²*, Alla A. Fokina³,
Galina L. Sokolova4 & Elena L. Yandakova5

? Senior Lecturer, Mari State University, Russia, natali100879@mail.ru
² Asst. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, kolyago@yandex.ru
³ Senior Lecturer Prof., Mari State University, Russia, allafokina70@mail.ru
⁴ Asst. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, askgalinasokol@mail.ru
⁵ Asst. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, jandar78@mail.ru
*Corresponding author

Abstract
The article is devoted to nominative sentences in different languages, Mari and German. Nominative sentences in these languages are widespread and are important syntactic means for achievement of speech communication. In the studied languages the issue of the principal parts of the nominative sentence and of the principles of their differentiation from other types of mononuclear sentences is differently resolved, and relevance of research is defined by it. The purpose of work is to analyse structure, semantics and functioning of nominative sentences in the languages relating to different linguistic groups. To achieve this purpose one must reveal the essence of nominative sentences in the analyzed languages, their classification and differentiation from other types of mononuclear sentences, functioning in the speech. The method of the synchronous description of collected material with the use of the distributive analysis and elements of a diachronic method is used in the work to consider the nominative sentences. The comparative method allows establishing similarities and distinctions in the analyzed languages. The analysis of theoretical and actual material allows making a conclusion that in the Mari and German languages the nominative sentence is a widespread type of sentences. Especially it concerns the language of fiction which uses such sentences to create expression and draw the reader’s attention. In the German language as in Mari nominative sentences express only the meaning of the present time. Descriptions of events, states, objects and phenomena in the past and the future indicates binominal sentence, because in the German language one must use verbal predicate to express the past and the future. Mari and German often use expanded nominative sentences to give more imagery describing reality. Attribute is used in both languages as a component accompanying the principal part of the nominative sentence. The main function of attribute in most languages is to express various qualitative and situational characteristics. In the German language as in the Mari language the sphere of the usage of nominative sentences is fiction and, to some extent, journalistic literature. Context and situation are the necessary factors to emphasize nominative sentence. Nominative sentences in compared languages are similar in the way of formation, types and functions in speech despite of belonging to different groups.

Keywords: mononuclear sentence, nominative sentence, Mari language, German Language, principal part, principles of differentiation, prevalence, context, interference.